PGDM

Programme Learning Outcomes

After completion, the candidate should:

1. Know how to perform detailed obstetric and gynaecological ultrasound scans with precision.
2. Have in-depth knowledge of fetal anatomy, growth patterns, and how to detect abnormalities.
3. Know techniques for evaluating maternal health conditions using ultrasound.
4. Know how to assess and diagnose complex gynaecological conditions with ultrasound.
5. Have Skills to analyse and interpret challenging ultrasound images for accurate diagnosis.
6. Enhance the ability to use ultrasound findings to make informed clinical decisions in obstetrics and gynaecology.
7. Interpret images done by TVS and TA ultrasound examination.
8. Perform complete ultrasound examinations in all trimesters of pregnancy.
9. Write comprehensive obstetric and gynaecological ultrasound reports.
10. Identify fetal dysmorphology and what are the significance of their presence.
11. Determine how and when to use colour Doppler, 3D, 4D in obstetrics and gynaecology.

Strategy Outline

The concept of this PGDM is an educational programme which is acknowledged and proven to be highly effective towards the demand of skilled graduate. The curriculum maintains basic core courses which are necessary to employ in the future plans. This scheme (6 modules) aims to give a comprehensive view in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ultrasound with a focus on selected specific tracks.  

Module One: Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation (Knobology) [7 Credits]

This module provides students with an introduction of sonographic physics and instrumentation information including the principles of ultrasound, type of waves, waves equations, transducer construction, Knobology, pulse echo instruments, Doppler, display modes, real-time scanners, image storage and display, recording ultrasound contrast tissue images, tissue harmonic imaging features and artifacts, quality assurance and electrical and mechanical hazards and safety.

Module Two: Ethics and Counseling [4 Credits]

This Module enables the student to have proper knowledge of medical ethics which are an integral part of patient handling, different important points in patient counselling are also to be taught.

Module Three: Clinical Practice and Professional Skills in Ultrasound [24 Credit Hours]

This module aims to critically evaluate a range of evidence, techniques and protocols relevant to ultrasound clinical practice in obstetrics and gynaecology, and make informed decisions about its quality and appropriateness. To identify, evaluate and solve problems relating to clinical ultrasound practice. Synthesise the knowledge and expertise related to the area of practice, competently interpret and report the appropriate ultrasound clinical and technical procedures. Demonstrate effective verbal and non-verbal communication skills and teamwork skills. This module is the essential course within the PGDM in obstetrics and gynaecology (Ultrasound) programme.

Module Four: Gynaecological Ultrasound [25 Credits]

The module introduces the student the general principles of Gynaecological ultrasound after teaching physics and instrumentation, and sonographic techniques. This module will enable the practitioner to competently and safely perform, interpret, communicate, manage and critically evaluate the expected and abnormal ultrasound examination in the field of ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis, normal pelvic anatomy and physiology as well as the sonographic techniques. This module will also improve theoretical and practical Knowledge of the advances and new techniques in Gynaecological ultrasound. Interventional procedures like aspiration, biopsy and saline infusion sonohystorography, acquired abnormalities of the endometrium, post-menopausal ultrasound, pediatric Gynaecological ultrasound, extra-pelvic pathology associated with gynaecology.

Module Five: Obstetrical Ultrasound [40 Credit Hours]

This module consist of 4 basic compartments. It introduces the student to the general principles of obstetrical ultrasound including fetal scanning, discuss fetal anatomy, physiology and normal Sonographic appearance in First, second and third trimesters scanning with ultrasound as well as the fetal anomalies. Discuss Ectopic pregnancy, trophoblastic diseases. It gives the candidates an understanding of professional responsibility and the ability to communicate effectively, the ability to function on multidisciplinary teams and understanding knowledge, practice and fetal sonographic scanning procedures. As well, this module will assess the causes of first trimester failure, diagnose and perform sonographic differential diagnosis of abortions in first trimester. This module will enable the practitioner to competently and safely perform, interpret, communicate, manage and critically evaluate the expected and abnormal ultrasound examination in the field of ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis, normal pelvic anatomy and physiology as well as the sonographic techniques. This module also includes the procedures in the second and third trimester ultrasound which enables the student to relate the development and wellbeing of the fetus, assess the role of colour Doppler in fetal ultrasound, discuss the basic terminologies, sonography of fetus to assess its proper growth at intervals as well; assessment of the twin or multiple pregnancy and to evaluate its complications in 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Discuss fetal biometry, multiple gestation, biophysical profile, fetal anatomy, fetal echocardiography, fetal anomalies, and fetal hazard. The Module also acquire the skills to perform differential diagnosis of fetal anomalies and critically evaluate the expected and abnormal ultrasound examination, evaluate the fetal head, fetal face, spine, abdomen, chest, heart, neck, the genitourinary tract, urinary tract anomalies, the fetal abdominal wall, fetal hydrops and congenital infections, fetal skeleton and chromosomal abnormalities, Doppler ultrasound for fetus as well as fetal echocardiography in 2nd and 3rd trimesters.

Module Six: Research Methodology, Biostatistics and Capstone Project/Dissertation  [20 Credit Hours]

This module introduces research methodology and statistics and the different steps and essentials of research are included. It formulates research problems into testable aims. Assesses different data collection methods. Chooses different sampling techniques as well as descriptive techniques for different types of design. Performs statistical computation using SPSS. Assess the ethical and practical constraints on clinical studies. Discusses the implications of research for effective clinical practice. It gives the students the ability to function on multidisciplinary teams using their knowledge of team (doctors and technicians) dynamics, communication as well as understanding knowledge, practice and procedures and discipline contexts in which Diagnostic Ultrasound Research must function, working knowledge of Radiological tools and practical methodologies. Students will be able to combine basics with their knowledge of practical procedures and modern Radiological tools to identify, and solve the Diagnostic radiology and Ultrasound examination problems. The Capstone Project for the Sonographic Imaging demonstrates applied knowledge, critical thinking, and strategic insight within specific areas. Improves theoretical and practical Knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, pathologies and sonographic techniques are important including knobology for Obstetrical and Gynaecological ultrasound. The course contents of this course comprise of data collection, preparation and then submission of dissertation.